There are a lot of irons and they all have different uses. They are:
They are used for teeing off on different holes depending on their yardages. They are mainly used for hitting a second or third shot on the course to get on the green or they can be used as a layup shot to get closer to the green. Different irons can be used for chipping because they can help in different situations you are in, for example, if you want to hit a low shot o hit under a tree that runs ( 20 yards to the flag) you would use a 7- 5 iron because it launches low and runs. So based on the scenario you would use the irons for different shots.
There are various types of woods:
Hybrid: There are a lot of hybrids ranging from 1 hybrid to 7 hybrid. They are also called rescue. They are called hybrids because they are a combination of iron and fairway wood. They go very long and the hybrid that goes the longest is the 1 hybrid and the shortest one is a 7 hybrid.
Fairway wood: They are drivers which you can hit of the deck. They have smalled heads and go 20-25 yards shorter. They can be used to tee off and hit on a long par 4 and second shots on a par 5.
Driver: It is the longest club in the bag and also goes the longest distance. It is generally used to tee off on par 4 and 5. It can also be hit off the deck on the fairway.
There are various types of wedges, the wedge which has the least loft is the pitching wedge which has 44 to 48 degrees of loft. Then we have the approach wedge which is also called the gap wedge it has a loft ranging from 50 to 52 degrees. The most common wedge is the sand wedge it has a loft ranging from 54 to 56 degrees, the club with the most loft ranging from 58 to 64 degrees is the lob wedge mainly used for chipping and pitching.
It is the most important club in the bag because it is the most used club in the bag it is 46% of the game. It is used for putting on the green to get the ball finally into the hole after a long and mind-boggling hole. Has a loft of 3 to 4 degrees.